Welfare Policy: TANF Reauthorization
February, 2005
(Update June 2005)
In 1996, a new welfare program based on state block grants, the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, became law, replacing the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. TANF eliminated the AFDC entitlement to assistance, mandating work as a condition of receiving benefits, imposing time limits and sanctions, focusing on family formation issues, and putting most of the control over the programs into the hands of the states. TANF was set to expire on October 1, 2002, but Congress was unable to complete work reauthorizing the law. The current program has simply been extended on a quarterly basis, with the current extension set to expire March 31, 2005.
The House of Representatives has introduced H.R. 240, the Personal Responsibility, Work, and Family Promotion Act of 2005. The bill is very similar to H.R. 4, which the House passed last Congress. In the Senate, TANF provisions (similar to the bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee last year) are included in S. 6, the Family and Community Protection Act of 2005. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) and Catholic Charities USA (CCUSA) have not yet taken a position on either bill. (Go to the website addresses listed below for information on USCCB and CCUSA positions on earlier bills).
Supports for Working Families: For families leaving welfare, the availability of work supports, such as child care, health care, and food stamps, can be a key to making a lasting transition to self-sufficiency. Congress should make sure families leaving TANF have a full year of transitional Medicaid, and should include sufficient additional resources to ensure that all low-income working families have access to adequate and safe child care. The USCCB and CCUSA also urge Congress to restore funding to the Social Services Block Grant program, through which states and agencies can provide crucial support services to families leaving TANF.
Work provisions: States must have specific percentages of TANF recipients engaged in work activities, or they lose part of their federal TANF grant as a penalty. A final TANF bill may increase the work requirements that states and welfare recipients must meet. USCCB and CCUSA support continuing TANFs emphasis on work, but we urge Congress not to change the work requirements in ways that could limit states flexibility to develop programs that help recipients get decent jobs so they can support their families, or that put undue burdens on parents, especially those with children under six.
Also important is what activities states are allowed to count as work. We urge that states be allowed to count genuine education and training as work for 24 months (current law allows only 12 months). Substance abuse and mental or physical health problems can be significant barriers to work. The work requirements should allow TANF recipients enough time to get the help they need in these areas, and should reflect the needs of those caring for young children or disabled family members.
Fairness for Legal Immigrants: The Catholic community has long advocated for the availability of basic necessities to all those in need, regardless of their race, creed, ethnic origin, or nationality, and we have worked to restore necessary benefit eligibility for legal immigrants. We strongly urge the Congress to restore full benefits eligibility for legal immigrants. The restriction on assistance to legal immigrants and their families was a major reason we opposed the 1996 welfare reform act. Restoring these benefits is a major priority for the USCCB and CCUSA.
Marriage and Family Issues: The Catholic community has consistently affirmed the vital importance of marriage for raising children. Children do better economically, emotionally, and spiritually when raised by parents in the context of a stable, healthy marriage. A crucial first step in a pro-marriage policy is to end federal and state welfare rules that discriminate against two-parent families. USCCB and CCUSA also support: effective fatherhood programs; allowing states to pass-through child support directly to TANF families; funding for voluntary programs to support healthy marriages and strong families; and for research and technical assistance focusing on family formation and healthy marriage activities.
Twenty-three states have exercised their option under TANF law to deny benefits to children born while their family is receiving assistance. We will continue to oppose strongly the family cap option based upon both our pro-life and social justice convictions.
TANF Funding: The TANF block grant should be increased to reflect inflation, and additional assistance to states with historically low spending or experiencing economic difficulties should continue.
USCCB and CCUSA support welfare reform policies that: protect human life and dignity; strengthen family life; encourage and reward work; preserve a safety net for the vulnerable; build public/private partnerships to overcome poverty; and invest in human dignity.
A central goal for TANF reauthorization should be to address the moral scandal of so much poverty in the richest nation on earth. Poverty reduction requires a three.pronged strategy of:
- Supporting work,
- Strengthening marriage and family life, and
- Sustaining the needy and vulnerable among us, especially our children
Congress continues to struggle with reauthorizing the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant program (TANF). The program is now operating on the latest of several temporary extensions, which expires the end of June 2005.
The House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Human Resources has begun work on H.R. 240, the Personal Responsibility, Work, and Family Promotion Act of 2005. On February 10, 2005 the subcommittee held a hearing on welfare reform proposals. The Conference was invited to participate. Kathleen A. Curran, DSD Policy Advisor, presented the Conferences testimony to the Committee. On March 15, 2005 the subcommittee voted to send the bill on to the full Committee, which has not yet acted.
In the Senate, the Senate Finance Committee marked up its TANF reauthorization bill on March 9, 2005. Bishop Nicholas DiMarzio, chairman of the bishops Domestic Policy Committee, and Father Larry Snyder, president of Catholic Charities USA, wrote all the members of the Senate Finance Committee on March 8, [link to letter via march 8] outlining priorities for TANF reauthorization. The Committee approved the legislation on a bipartisan basis. It was introduced in the Senate as S. 667, the Personal Responsibility and Individual Development for Everyone Act (PRIDE). The Senate has yet to act on S. 667.
Let your Senators and Representatives know that you want them to make our welfare system more effective at reducing poverty. Key priorities include:
- restoring benefits eligibility to legal immigrants;
- giving states greater flexibility to count genuine education and training as work;
- supporting marriage and families by removing barriers to two parent families receiving assistance and providing appropriate counseling resources to low-income couples;
- providing at least $6 billion in new mandatory child care assistance for working parents and providing year-long transitional Medicaid; and
- maintaining current law on hourly work requirements for participants, especially for parents with children under 6.
Moral Principles and Policy Priorities for Welfare Reform (1995); Putting Children and Families First (1992); TANF Reauthorization comments submitted to HHS by SDWP and by CCUSA, November 2001
Web sites: www.usccb.org www.catholiccharitiesusa.org
Kathy Curran, 202-541-3188, kcurran@usccb.org; Mark Gallagher 202-541-3142, mgallagher@usccb.org,
Sharon Daly, 703-549-1390, sdaly@catholiccharitiesusa.org; Doug Rice, 703-549-1390 drice@catholiccharitiesusa.org